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Sains Malaysiana 54(3)(2025): 629-640
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5403-02
Growth and
Nutritional Quality in Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii through Live Mealworm Feeding with
Probiotic Enrichment
(Pertumbuhan dan Kualiti Nutrisi dalam Udang Galah, Macrobrachium rosenbergii melalui Pemakanan Ulat Hidup dengan Pengayaan Probiotik)
SASHWINIE
MURALI1, CHAIW-YEE TEOH1,3,*, WEY-LIM WONG2,3
1Department of Agricultural and Food
Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti,
Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 24 Ogos 2024/Diterima: 26 November 2024
Abstract
To
address the gap in sustainable aquaculture, a 17-week feeding trial was
conducted to evaluate locally-sourced mealworms, with and without Bacillus
subtilis probiotic enrichment, as an alternative feed material for giant
freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), assessing their effects on growth, feed
utilization, and nutritional composition. Five experimental diets were tested:
commercial prawn feed (CPF), CPF combined with live mealworm (CPF+MW), mealworm
alone (MW), probiotic-enriched mealworm (PMW), and CPF combined with
probiotic-enriched mealworm (CPF+PMW). Triplicate groups of 20 prawns were
randomly assigned to each diet. Weight gain among the groups ranged from
421.88% to 529.34%, with no significant differences observed (P >
0.05). Prawns fed CPF exhibited a significantly higher feed conversion ratio
(FCR) (3.72 ± 0.32, P < 0.05), indicating less efficient feed
utilization and leading to increased production costs. While CPF (45.01%) and
MW (52.44%) diets differed significantly in crude protein content, the prawns
fed CPF (59.24%) and MW (60.78%) showed similar crude protein levels. These
results suggest that live mealworms are a viable alternative to commercial feed
for GFP, maintaining growth performance and nutritional quality. Furthermore,
combining live mealworms with commercial feed proves to be an effective feeding
strategy, though enrichment with B. subtilis did not provide additional
benefits for prawn growth or FCR.
Keywords: Bacillus
subtilis; probiotic enrichment; sustainable feed; Tenebrio molitor
Abstrak
Untuk menangani jurang dalam akuakultur mampan, suatu kajian pemakanan selama 17 minggu telah dijalankan untuk menilai ulat tempatan dengan dan tanpa pengayaan probiotik Bacillus subtilis sebagai bahan makanan alternatif untuk udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), dengan menilai kesannya terhadap pertumbuhan, penggunaan makanan dan komposisi nutrisi. Lima diet uji kaji telah diuji: makanan udang komersial (CPF), CPF digabungkan dengan ulat hidup (CPF+MW), ulat sahaja (MW), ulat yang diperkaya dengan probiotik (PMW) dan CPF digabungkan dengan ulat yang diperkaya dengan probiotik (CPF+PMW). Tiga kumpulan udang sebagai peniga sebanyak 20 ekor secara rawak diberikan bagi setiap diet. Keputusan menunjukkan peningkatan berat dalam kalangan kumpulan berbeza antara 421.88% hingga 529.34%, tanpa perbezaan yang signifikan diperhatikan (P > 0.05). Udang yang diberi makan CPF menunjukkan nisbah penukaran makanan (FCR) yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan (3.72 ± 0.32, P < 0.05), menunjukkan penggunaan makanan yang kurang cekap dan menyebabkan peningkatan kos pengeluaran. Walaupun diet CPF
(45.01%) dan MW (52.44%) berbeza dengan ketara dalam kandungan protein kasar, tetapi udang yang diberi CPF (59.24%) dan MW (60.78%) menunjukkan tahap protein kasar yang serupa. Keputusan ini mencadangkan bahawa ulat hidup adalah alternatif yang sesuai untuk makanan komersial bagi GFP, mengekalkan prestasi pertumbuhan dan kualiti nutrisi. Selain itu, menggabungkan ulat hidup dengan makanan komersial terbukti sebagai strategi pemakanan yang berkesan, walaupun pengayaan B. subtilis tidak memberikan manfaat tambahan kepada pertumbuhan atau FCR udang.
Keywords: Bacillus
subtilis; pemakanan mampan; pengayaan probiotik; Tenebrio molitor
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